Personal laws and fundamental rights Personal laws are laws that apply to a particular community or group of people based on their religion, customs, or traditions. In India, personal laws are derived from religious texts and govern family matters such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption. Fundamental rights, on the other hand, are rights that are guaranteed to every citizen of India by the Constitution. These rights are protected and enforced by the Constitution and cannot be taken away by the government . The Indian Constitution has provisions that protect personal laws under Part III of the Constitution, which deals with fundamental rights. However, personal laws that are inconsistent with fundamental rights can be challenged in court.